This is the textbook formula. 15% L-ascorbic acid, vitamin E, ferulic acid — the same three-ingredient system that the published photoprotection research is built on, and the same one SkinCeuticals uses at three times the price.
Paula's Choice publishes the concentration on the ingredient panel: "Ascorbic Acid 15.0%." Almost nobody else in this category does that, and it deserves credit.
Opaque packaging with an air-restricting dropper. They clearly understand that vitamin C dies in air.
Soothing extras — bisabolol, panthenol, licorice — are there to take the edge off the low pH.