What each molecule actually does in your skin — real mechanisms, evidence-backed concentrations, and how to use them, minus the marketing gloss.
A gentle, multitasking acid that calms redness, fades dark spots, and clears acne — and it's safe in pregnancy.
Benzoyl peroxide is a topical acne treatment that kills the bacteria linked to breakouts. It is one of the most widely used and best-studied acne ingredients.
Niacinamide is a form of vitamin B3 used in skincare. It helps strengthen the skin barrier, calm redness, and even out skin tone.
Retinol is a vitamin A derivative used to smooth skin, fade dark spots, and soften fine lines. It is one of the most studied over-the-counter anti-aging ingredients.
Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) that clears clogged pores and calms breakouts. It is one of the most common ingredients in over-the-counter acne products.
The prescription vitamin A derivative with the strongest evidence base in all of skincare — for acne and for aging.
Vitamin C is one of the most studied skincare ingredients. It fights daily skin damage, helps even out skin tone, and supports the skin's own collagen.